Impact of a high-monounsaturated-fat diet on lipid profile in subjects with type 1 diabetes.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to compare the effects of a high-monounsaturated-fat diet versus a high-carbohydrate diet on lipoprotein profiles in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Results Summary
The high-monounsaturated-fat diet showed favorable effects on fasting lipoprotein profiles, including lower LDL cholesterol, plasma total triglycerides, and VLDL triglycerides, as well as higher apolipoprotein A1 and longer LDL oxidation lag time in adherent participants. However, results were mixed in the intent-to-treat group, with only LDL cholesterol showing a significant reduction.
Population
Individuals with type 1 diabetes (n=26, with 7 fully adherent to both diets).
Effective Dosage
17% to 20% of total daily calories from monounsaturated fat.
Duration
2 months per diet.
Interactions
None mentioned.
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
high-monounsaturated-fat diet | decrease | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | people with type 1 diabetes | 7% | was lower | #1 |
high-monounsaturated-fat diet | no change | the other 17 lipid parameters | people with type 1 diabetes | no significant change | were not statistically significant | #2 |
high-monounsaturated-fat diet | decrease | plasma total triglycerides | people with type 1 diabetes | 18% | lower | #3 |
high-monounsaturated-fat diet | decrease | very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides | people with type 1 diabetes | 26% | lower | #4 |
high-monounsaturated-fat diet | decrease | very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | people with type 1 diabetes | 48% | lower | #5 |
high-monounsaturated-fat diet | increase | apolipoprotein A1 | people with type 1 diabetes | 7% | higher | #6 |
high-monounsaturated-fat diet | decrease | low-density lipoprotein particle size | people with type 1 diabetes | 1% | smaller | #7 |
high-monounsaturated-fat diet | increase | low-density lipoprotein oxidation lag time | people with type 1 diabetes | 25% | longer | #8 |
high-monounsaturated-fat diet | increase | fasting lipoprotein profile | people with type 1 diabetes | - | seemed to have a favorable effect | #9 |
OBJECTIVE: Controversy persists regarding the use of a high-monounsaturated-fat diet in people with type 1 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a high-monounsaturated-fat diet containing 43% to 46% carbohydrates and 37% to 40% fat (17% to 20% monounsaturated fat) with those of a high-carbohydrate diet containing 54% to 57% carbohydrates and 27% to 30% fat (10% to 13% monounsaturated fat) on the quantitative and qualitative lipoprotein profile in type 1 diabetes. DESIGN: A randomized crossover study was conducted. Two months before the dietary trial, subjects were monitored on their intensive insulin regimen to normalize glycemic and lipid levels. SUBJECTS: Twenty-six individuals followed each diet for 2 months. Eight subjects lost or gained >2 kg, and three had the same dietary intakes during the two diets. For the remaining 15, seven adhered to the two diet prescriptions and eight followed one of the two diets. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Analysis of variance for crossover design (intent-to-treat group of 26) and Wilcoxon signed rank test (group of seven) were used to assess differences between the two diets. RESULTS: For the intent-to-treat group (n=26), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, although within normal range, was lower by 7% (P=.034) at the end of the high-monounsaturated-fat diet. The other 17 lipid parameters tested were not statistically significant. For those who adhered to the two diets (n= 7), lower plasma total triglycerides by 18% (P=.027), lower very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides by 26% (P=.043), lower very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 48% (P=.043), higher apolipoprotein A1 by 7% (P=.018), smaller low-density lipoprotein particle size by 1% (P=.043), and longer low-density lipoprotein oxidation lag time by 25% (P=.043) were found after the high-monounsaturated-fat diet. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: A high-monounsaturated-fat diet seemed to have a favorable effect on fasting lipoprotein profile in people with type 1 diabetes. Further research is needed with a larger sample to recommend a high-monounsaturated-fat diet as an alternative diet therapy in type 1 diabetes.