A high-protein low-fat diet is more effective in improving blood pressure and triglycerides in calorie-restricted obese individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to compare the effects of two diets differing in protein to fat ratios (high-protein low-fat vs. low-protein high-fat) on cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Results Summary
Both diets promoted weight loss and improved fasting glycemic control, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol, but the high-protein low-fat diet significantly reduced triglyceride levels and improved blood pressure more than the low-protein high-fat diet. No differences were observed in postprandial glucose and insulin responses.
Population
Obese individuals (BMI 31-45 kg/m²) with type 2 diabetes, aged 46±3 years.
Effective Dosage
High-protein low-fat diet (30% protein, 50% carbohydrates, 20% fat); low-protein high-fat diet (15% protein, 50% carbohydrates, 35% fat).
Duration
Each diet was consumed for 4 weeks, with a 3-week washout period.
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
high-protein low-fat diet (HP-LF, with 30% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 20% fat) | decrease | triglyceride (TG) levels | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | - | decreased to a greater extent | #1 |
high-protein low-fat diet (HP-LF, with 30% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 20% fat) | decrease | systolic blood pressure | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | - | improved significantly | #2 |
high-protein low-fat diet (HP-LF, with 30% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 20% fat) | decrease | diastolic blood pressure | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | - | improved significantly | #3 |
high-protein low-fat diet (HP-LF, with 30% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 20% fat) | decrease | weight loss | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | - | were equally effective in promoting | #4 |
high-protein low-fat diet (HP-LF, with 30% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 20% fat) | decrease | fat loss | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | - | were equally effective in promoting | #5 |
high-protein low-fat diet (HP-LF, with 30% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 20% fat) | improvement | fasting glycemic control | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | - | were equally effective in improving | #6 |
high-protein low-fat diet (HP-LF, with 30% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 20% fat) | decrease | total cholesterol | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | - | were equally effective in improving | #7 |
high-protein low-fat diet (HP-LF, with 30% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 20% fat) | decrease | low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | - | were equally effective in improving | #8 |
high-protein low-fat diet (HP-LF, with 30% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 20% fat) | no change | postprandial glucose responses | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | - | No differences were observed in | #9 |
high-protein low-fat diet (HP-LF, with 30% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 20% fat) | no change | postprandial insulin responses | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | - | No differences were observed in | #10 |
low-protein high-fat diet (LP-HF, with 15% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 35% fat) | decrease | weight loss | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | - | were equally effective in promoting | #11 |
low-protein high-fat diet (LP-HF, with 15% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 35% fat) | decrease | fat loss | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | - | were equally effective in promoting | #12 |
low-protein high-fat diet (LP-HF, with 15% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 35% fat) | improvement | fasting glycemic control | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | - | were equally effective in improving | #13 |
low-protein high-fat diet (LP-HF, with 15% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 35% fat) | decrease | total cholesterol | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | - | were equally effective in improving | #14 |
low-protein high-fat diet (LP-HF, with 15% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 35% fat) | decrease | low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | - | were equally effective in improving | #15 |
low-protein high-fat diet (LP-HF, with 15% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 35% fat) | no change | postprandial glucose responses | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | - | No differences were observed in | #16 |
low-protein high-fat diet (LP-HF, with 15% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 35% fat) | no change | postprandial insulin responses | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | - | No differences were observed in | #17 |
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There is controversy over dietary protein's effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors in diabetic subjects. It is unclear whether observed effects are due to increased protein or reduced carbohydrate content of the consumed diets. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two diets differing in protein to fat ratios on cardiovascular disease risk factors. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 17 obese (body mass index (BMI) ranging from 31 to 45 kg/m(2)) volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2), aged 46+/-3 years, consumed two diets, each for 4 weeks, with 3 weeks of washout period in a random, blind, crossover design. The diets were: (1) a high-protein low-fat diet (HP-LF, with 30% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 20% fat) and (2) a low-protein high-fat diet (LP-HF, with 15% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 35% fat). Their effects on fasting glycemic control, lipid levels and blood pressure, and on postprandial glucose and insulin responses after a standard test meal at the beginning and end of each dietary intervention were analyzed. RESULTS: Both diets were equally effective in promoting weight loss and fat loss and in improving fasting glycemic control, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, but the HP-LF diet decreased to a greater extent triglyceride (TG) levels (P=0.04) when compared with the LP-HF diet. HP-LF diet improved significantly both systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared with the LP-HF diet (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). No differences were observed in postprandial glucose and insulin responses. CONCLUSIONS: A protein to fat ratio of 1.5 in diets significantly improves blood pressure and TG concentrations in obese individuals with DM2.