Vitamin D and calcium supplementation to prevent fractures in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to assess the effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on bone health outcomes and fracture prevention in community-dwelling adults.
Results Summary
The study found insufficient evidence to assess the benefits and harms of combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation for fracture prevention in premenopausal women or men. It also recommended against low-dose supplementation (≤400 IU vitamin D3 and ≤1000 mg calcium) for postmenopausal women due to lack of efficacy.
Population
Noninstitutionalized, asymptomatic adults without a history of fractures (excluding those with osteoporosis or vitamin D deficiency).
Effective Dosage
Greater than 400 IU vitamin D3 and greater than 1000 mg calcium (for postmenopausal women); ≤400 IU vitamin D3 and ≤1000 mg calcium (not recommended).
Duration
Not specified
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
vitamin D supplementation with or without calcium | neutral | bone health outcomes | community-dwelling adults | - | assess the effects of supplementation | #1 |
combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation | no change | primary prevention of fractures | premenopausal women or in men | - | insufficient to assess the balance of the benefits and harms | #2 |
daily supplementation with greater than 400 IU of vitamin D3 and greater than 1000 mg of calcium | no change | primary prevention of fractures | noninstitutionalized postmenopausal women | - | insufficient to assess the balance of the benefits and harms | #3 |
daily supplementation with 400 IU or less of vitamin D3 and 1000 mg or less of calcium | no change | primary prevention of fractures | noninstitutionalized postmenopausal women | - | recommends against | #4 |
DESCRIPTION: New U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement on vitamin D and calcium supplementation to prevent fractures in adults. METHODS: The USPSTF commissioned 2 systematic evidence reviews and a meta-analysis on vitamin D supplementation with or without calcium to assess the effects of supplementation on bone health outcomes in community-dwelling adults, the association of vitamin D and calcium levels with bone health outcomes, and the adverse effects of supplementation. POPULATION: These recommendations apply to noninstitutionalized or community-dwelling asymptomatic adults without a history of fractures. This recommendation does not apply to the treatment of persons with osteoporosis or vitamin D deficiency. RECOMMENDATION: The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of the benefits and harms of combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation for the primary prevention of fractures in premenopausal women or in men. (I statement)The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of the benefits and harms of daily supplementation with greater than 400 IU of vitamin D3 and greater than 1000 mg of calcium for the primary prevention of fractures in noninstitutionalized postmenopausal women. (I statement)The USPSTF recommends against daily supplementation with 400 IU or less of vitamin D3 and 1000 mg or less of calcium for the primary prevention of fractures in noninstitutionalized postmenopausal women. (D recommendation).