Effect of a low-fat diet enriched either with rapeseed oil or sunflower oil on plasma lipoproteins in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Results of a pilot study.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to compare the effects of two low-fat diets enriched with either rapeseed oil (monounsaturated fatty acids) or sunflower oil (polyunsaturated fatty acids) on cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk markers in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia.
Results Summary
Both diets significantly reduced total and LDL cholesterol levels, with rapeseed oil showing slightly more favorable effects on cardiovascular risk markers. The diets were well-accepted and feasible, though larger trials are needed for validation.
Population
Children aged 6-18 years with familial hypercholesterolaemia.
Effective Dosage
14-27 g/day of either rapeseed oil or sunflower oil.
Duration
13 weeks.
Interactions
None mentioned.
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
low-fat diet regime enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids by rapeseed oil (RO) | decrease | total cholesterol concentrations | children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) | 9.4% | resulted in significant reduction | #1 |
low-fat diet regime enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids by sunflower oil (SO) | decrease | total cholesterol concentrations | children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) | 9.4% | resulted in significant reduction | #2 |
low-fat diet regime enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids by rapeseed oil (RO) | decrease | low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations | children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) | 12.7% | resulted in significant reduction | #3 |
low-fat diet regime enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids by sunflower oil (SO) | decrease | low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations | children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) | 11.3% | resulted in significant reduction | #4 |
low-fat diet regime enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids by rapeseed oil (RO) | decrease | LDL/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio | children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) | 9% | reduction | #5 |
low-fat diet regime enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids by sunflower oil (SO) | decrease | LDL/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio | children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) | 3.5% | reduction | #6 |
low-fat diet regime enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids by rapeseed oil (RO) | decrease | high-sensitivity C-reactive protein | children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) | 16.8% | reduction | #7 |
low-fat diet regime enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids by sunflower oil (SO) | decrease | high-sensitivity C-reactive protein | children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) | 1.7% | reduction | #8 |
fat-modified diet enriched with RO | no change | cholesterol levels | children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) | - | seems to have very similar effects | #9 |
fat-modified diet enriched with RO | decrease | cardiovascular risk profile | children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) | - | has possibly more favourable effects | #10 |
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There is convincing evidence that unsaturated fatty acids exert favourable effects on plasma cholesterol levels. However, it is not clear which type of oil has the most pronounced effect, especially not in paediatric patients. The aim was to compare two low-fat diet regimes enriched with either monounsaturated fatty acids by rapeseed oil (RO) or polyunsaturated fatty acids by sunflower oil (SO) in children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twenty-one children aged 6-18 years affected with FH were enrolled in this randomized and double-blind pilot trial. The subjects and their families were trained to adhere to a low-fat/low-cholesterol diet. All visible fats were to be replaced by either RO or SO (14-27 g/day) for 13 weeks. Dietary adherence was controlled by repeated 4-day dietary records; plasma lipids, lipoproteins and risk markers were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Out of 21 subjects, 16 could be followed-up after 6 months. RESULTS: Both fat-modified diets resulted in significant reduction in total cholesterol concentrations of 9.4% (RO P<0.005 vs SO P<0.05) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations of 12.7% (P<0.005) for RO and 11.3% (P<0.05) for SO. The reduction of the LDL/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio (RO 9% vs SO 3.5%) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (RO 16.8% vs SO 1.7%) were not statistically significant, respectively. In most participating families, a change in eating habits could be observed. CONCLUSIONS: A fat-modified diet enriched with RO seems to have very similar effects on cholesterol levels as with SO. However, our study suggests that RO has possibly more favourable effects concerning cardiovascular risk profile. Both diets appear to be feasible and were well accepted among our subjects. Although these results are promising, larger trials will be required to validate our findings.