Dietary Fat Intake Modifies the Effect of a Common Variant in the LIPC Gene on Changes in Serum Lipid Concentrations during a Long-Term Weight-Loss Intervention Trial.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to determine how a common variant in the LIPC gene affects changes in blood lipids in response to high-fat (40% energy) or low-fat (20% energy) weight-loss diets.
Results Summary
The study found that dietary fat intake modified the effect of the LIPC variant on serum lipid changes. In the high-fat diet group, the A allele was associated with increased TC and LDL cholesterol, while the low-fat diet group showed opposite trends. No significant genetic effect on HDL cholesterol changes was observed in the high-fat group.
Population
Overweight or obese adults aged 30-70 years (61% women).
Effective Dosage
High-fat diet (40% energy), low-fat diet (20% energy).
Duration
2 years.
Interactions
None mentioned.
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
low-fat diet (20% energy) | decrease | serum total cholesterol concentrations | overweight or obese adults aged 30-70 y (61% women) with LIPC A allele | β ± SE: -5.5 ± 3.0 | tended to be related to the decrease | #1 |
low-fat diet (20% energy) | decrease | LDL cholesterol concentrations | overweight or obese adults aged 30-70 y (61% women) with LIPC A allele | β ± SE: -4.8 ± 2.5 | tended to be related to the decrease | #2 |
low-fat diet (20% energy) | increase | HDL cholesterol concentrations | overweight or obese adults aged 30-70 y (61% women) with LIPC A allele | β ± SE: -1.37 ± 0.69 | lower increase | #3 |
high-fat diet (40% energy) | increase | serum total cholesterol concentrations | overweight or obese adults aged 30-70 y (61% women) with LIPC A allele | β ± SE: 7.3 ± 2.7 | opposite effect was evident | #4 |
high-fat diet (40% energy) | increase | LDL cholesterol concentrations | overweight or obese adults aged 30-70 y (61% women) with LIPC A allele | β ± SE: 4.1 ± 2.3 | opposite effect was evident | #5 |
high-fat diet (40% energy) | no change | HDL cholesterol concentrations | overweight or obese adults aged 30-70 y (61% women) with LIPC A allele | - | no genetic effect on changes | #6 |
dietary fat intake | neutral | changes in serum lipids | overweight or obese adults | - | modifies the effect | #7 |
BACKGROUND: Hepatic lipase (HL) plays a pivotal role in the metabolism of HDL and LDL. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified common variants in the HL gene (LIPC) associated with HDL cholesterol. OBJECTIVE: We tested the effect of a common variant in LIPC on changes in blood lipids in response to weight-loss diets in the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies Trial. METHODS: We genotyped LIPC rs2070895 in 743 overweight or obese adults aged 30-70 y (61% women) who were assigned to high-fat (40% energy) or low-fat (20% energy) diets for 2 y. We measured serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol at baseline and 2 y of intervention. RESULTS: At 2 y of intervention, dietary fat modified effects of the variant on changes in serum TC, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol (P-interaction: 0.0008, 0.004, and 0.03, respectively). In the low-fat group, as compared to the G allele, the A allele tended to be related to the decrease in TC and LDL cholesterol concentrations [TC (β ± SE): -5.5 ± 3.0, P = 0.07; LDL cholesterol: -4.8 ± 2.5, P = 0.06] and a lower increase in HDL cholesterol concentrations (β ± SE: -1.37 ± 0.69, P = 0.048), whereas an opposite effect in the high-fat diet group was evident [TC (β ± SE): 7.3 ± 2.7, P = 0.008; LDL cholesterol: 4.1 ± 2.3, P = 0.07], and there was no genetic effect on changes in HDL cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.54). CONCLUSION: Dietary fat intake modifies the effect of a common variant in LIPC on changes in serum lipids during a long-term weight-loss intervention in overweight or obese adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00072995.