Prospective association between alcohol intake and hormone-dependent cancer risk: modulation by dietary fiber intake.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to investigate whether dietary fiber intake modulates the association between alcohol intake and the risk of hormone-dependent cancers.
Results Summary
The study found that alcohol intake was directly associated with hormone-dependent cancer risk, particularly breast cancer, but this association was attenuated among individuals with higher dietary fiber intake. Dietary fiber appeared to modulate the alcohol-cancer link, especially for prostate cancer.
Population
3,771 women and 2,771 men from the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants study.
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
Median follow-up of 12.1 years
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
alcohol intake | increase | risk of hormone-dependent cancers | women and men who participated in the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants study | HR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.84; P-trend = 0.02 | was directly associated with | #1 |
alcohol intake | increase | breast cancer risk | women who participated in the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants study | HR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.61; P-trend = 0.04 | was directly associated with | #2 |
alcohol intake | no change | prostate cancer risk | men who participated in the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants study | P-trend = 0.3 | was not associated with | #3 |
alcohol intake | increase | hormone-dependent cancer risk | individuals with low dietary fiber intake | HR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.82; P-trend = 0.002 | was directly associated with | #4 |
alcohol intake | increase | breast cancer risk | individuals with low dietary fiber intake | HR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.30, 4.95; P-trend = 0.02 | was directly associated with | #5 |
alcohol intake | increase | prostate cancer risk | individuals with low dietary fiber intake | HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 0.65, 2.89; P-trend = 0.02 | was directly associated with | #6 |
alcohol intake | no change | hormone-dependent cancer risk | individuals with higher dietary fiber intake | P-trend = 0.9 | was not associated with | #7 |
alcohol intake | no change | breast cancer risk | individuals with higher dietary fiber intake | P-trend = 0.8 | was not associated with | #8 |
alcohol intake | no change | prostate cancer risk | individuals with higher dietary fiber intake | P-trend = 0.6 | was not associated with | #9 |
dietary fiber intake | neutral | hormone-dependent cancer | women and men who participated in the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants study | - | might modulate the association between alcohol intake and risk of | #10 |
BACKGROUND: Alcohol intake is associated with increased circulating concentrations of sex hormones, which in turn may increase hormone-dependent cancer risk. This association may be modulated by dietary fiber intake, which has been shown to decrease steroid hormone bioavailability (decreased blood concentration and increased sex hormone-binding globulin concentration). However, this potential modulation has not been investigated in any prospective cohort. OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to study the relation between alcohol intake and the risk of hormone-dependent cancers (breast, prostate, ovarian, endometrial, and testicular) and to investigate whether dietary fiber intake modulated these associations. DESIGN: This prospective observational analysis included 3771 women and 2771 men who participated in the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants study (1994-2007) and completed at least 6 valid 24-h dietary records during the first 2 y of follow-up. After a median follow-up of 12.1 y, 297 incident hormone-dependent cancer cases, including 158 breast and 123 prostate cancers, were diagnosed. Associations were tested via multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Overall, alcohol intake was directly associated with the risk of hormone-dependent cancers (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.84; P-trend = 0.02) and breast cancer (HR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.61; P-trend = 0.04) but not prostate cancer (P-trend = 0.3). In stratified analyses (by sex-specific median of dietary fiber intake), alcohol intake was directly associated with hormone-dependent cancer (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.82; P-trend = 0.002), breast cancer (HR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.30, 4.95; P-trend = 0.02), and prostate cancer (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 0.65, 2.89; P-trend = 0.02) risk among individuals with low dietary fiber intake but not among their counterparts with higher dietary fiber intake (P-trend = 0.9, 0.8, and 0.6, respectively). The P-interaction between alcohol and dietary fiber intake was statistically significant for prostate cancer (P = 0.01) but not for overall hormone-dependent (P = 0.2) or breast (P = 0.9) cancer. CONCLUSION: In line with mechanistic hypotheses and experimental data, this prospective study suggested that dietary fiber intake might modulate the association between alcohol intake and risk of hormone-dependent cancer. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00272428.