Effect of increased calcium consumption from fat-free milk in an energy-restricted diet on the metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised cross-over clinical trial.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to compare the effects of high-calcium fat-free milk (MD) versus low-calcium (CD) intake in an energy-restricted diet on metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic measures in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low habitual calcium consumption.
Results Summary
The study found that high-calcium fat-free milk intake (approximately 1200 mg/d) led to greater reductions in waist circumference, blood pressure, and lipid accumulation product (LAP) index, as well as improvements in HDL:LDL ratio and reductions in total and LDL-cholesterol compared to low-calcium intake.
Population
Fourteen adults with T2DM (mean age 49.5 years, BMI 29.4 kg/m²) and low habitual calcium consumption (<600 mg/d).
Effective Dosage
Approximately 1200 mg/d (700 mg from fat-free milk + 500 mg from other dietary sources) for MD; 525 mg/d for CD.
Duration
12 weeks per phase with an 18-week washout between phases.
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
high-Ca fat-free milk phase (MD) (prescription of approximately 1500 mg of Ca/d) in an energy-restricted diet | decrease | waist circumference (WC) | individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low habitual Ca consumption (<600 mg/d) | - | greater reduction | #1 |
high-Ca fat-free milk phase (MD) (prescription of approximately 1500 mg of Ca/d) in an energy-restricted diet | decrease | systolic blood pressure (SBP) | individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low habitual Ca consumption (<600 mg/d) | - | greater reduction | #2 |
high-Ca fat-free milk phase (MD) (prescription of approximately 1500 mg of Ca/d) in an energy-restricted diet | decrease | diastolic blood pressure (DBP) | individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low habitual Ca consumption (<600 mg/d) | - | greater reduction | #3 |
high-Ca fat-free milk phase (MD) (prescription of approximately 1500 mg of Ca/d) in an energy-restricted diet | decrease | lipid accumulation product (LAP) index | individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low habitual Ca consumption (<600 mg/d) | - | greater reduction | #4 |
high-Ca fat-free milk phase (MD) (prescription of approximately 1500 mg of Ca/d) in an energy-restricted diet | increase | HDL:LDL ratio | individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low habitual Ca consumption (<600 mg/d) | - | increased | #5 |
high-Ca fat-free milk phase (MD) (prescription of approximately 1500 mg of Ca/d) in an energy-restricted diet | decrease | total cholesterol | individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low habitual Ca consumption (<600 mg/d) | - | decreased | #6 |
high-Ca fat-free milk phase (MD) (prescription of approximately 1500 mg of Ca/d) in an energy-restricted diet | decrease | LDL-cholesterol | individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low habitual Ca consumption (<600 mg/d) | - | decreased | #7 |
high-Ca fat-free milk phase (MD) (prescription of approximately 1500 mg of Ca/d) in an energy-restricted diet | decrease | systolic blood pressure (SBP) | individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low habitual Ca consumption (<600 mg/d) | - | decreased | #8 |
high-Ca fat-free milk phase (MD) (prescription of approximately 1500 mg of Ca/d) in an energy-restricted diet | decrease | diastolic blood pressure (DBP) | individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low habitual Ca consumption (<600 mg/d) | - | decreased | #9 |
high-Ca fat-free milk phase (MD) (prescription of approximately 1500 mg of Ca/d) in an energy-restricted diet | decrease | lipid accumulation product (LAP) index | individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low habitual Ca consumption (<600 mg/d) | - | decreased | #10 |
consumption of approximately 1200 mg of Ca/d (700 mg from fat-free milk+500mg from other dietary sources) associated with an energy-restricted diet | decrease | some of the MetS components and cardiometabolic measures | adults with T2DM | - | decreased | #11 |
We investigated the effects of high-Ca fat-free milk phase (MD) (prescription of approximately 1500 mg of Ca/d) v. low-Ca phase (CD) (prescription of approximately 800 mg of Ca/d) in an energy-restricted diet on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiometabolic measures in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low habitual Ca consumption (<600 mg/d). In this randomised cross-over design, fourteen adults with T2DM (49·5 (sd 8·6) years, BMI 29·4 (sd 4·5) kg/m2) consumed either MD or CD for 12 weeks, with a washout of 18 weeks between phases. A breakfast shake containing 700 mg (MD) or 6·4 mg (CD) of Ca was consumed in the laboratory. In addition, energy-restricted diets were prescribed (800 mg of dietary Ca/d). Waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose, fasting TAG, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting total cholesterol, fasting LDL-cholesterol, fasting HDL-cholesterol, HDL:LDL ratio, HDL:TAG ratio and lipid accumulation product (LAP) index were assessed at baseline and after each phase. Ca consumption during the study was equivalent to 1200 mg/d during MD and 525 mg/d during CD. There was a greater reduction in WC, SBP, DBP and LAP index after MD compared with CD. HDL:LDL ratio increased and total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, SBP, DBP and LAP index decreased only in MD. The consumption of approximately 1200 mg of Ca/d (700 mg from fat-free milk+500mg from other dietary sources) associated with an energy-restricted diet decreased some of the MetS components and cardiometabolic measures in adults with T2DM.