Avoiding holiday seasonal weight gain with nutrient-supported intermittent energy restriction: a pilot study.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to evaluate the effects of a nutrient-supported intermittent energy restriction program on weight management and metabolic health in overweight adults during the winter holiday season.
Results Summary
The intermittent energy restriction group showed significant weight loss and improved metabolic markers (HDL-cholesterol and TAG levels), while the control group exhibited unfavorable changes in insulin, cholesterol, and HOMA2 levels. No severe adverse events were reported, and compliance was high.
Population
Healthy overweight adults (mean age 41.0 years, BMI 27.3 kg/m²).
Effective Dosage
Two fasting days of 730 kcal/d (3050 kJ/d) using balanced shakes and dietary supplements, followed by 5 days of habitual diet.
Duration
52 days (6-week winter holiday period).
Interactions
None mentioned.
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nutrient-supported intermittent energy restriction nutrition programme | decrease | weight | overweight adults | 75.0 (sd 9.8) v. 76.3 (sd 9.8) kg | A significant weight loss from baseline to day 52 was observed | #1 |
nutrient-supported intermittent energy restriction nutrition programme | increase | HDL-cholesterol levels | nutrition programme group | 13% | baseline HDL-cholesterol levels measured after two fasting days increased | #2 |
nutrient-supported intermittent energy restriction nutrition programme | decrease | TAG levels | nutrition programme group | 22.8% | baseline TAG levels measured after two fasting days decreased | #3 |
nutrient-supported intermittent energy restriction nutrition programme | no change | HOMA2 | nutrition programme group | - | There was no significant change | #4 |
habitual diet | no change | body weight | control group | - | Body weight did not significantly change | #5 |
habitual diet | increase | fasting insulin levels | control group | 42.9% | Increases from baseline in fasting insulin levels were reported | #6 |
habitual diet | increase | HOMA2 levels | control group | 43% | Increases from baseline in updated homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA2) levels were reported | #7 |
habitual diet | increase | LDL-cholesterol levels | control group | 8.4% | Increases from baseline in LDL-cholesterol levels were reported | #8 |
habitual diet | increase | total cholesterol levels | control group | 7.1% | Increases from baseline in total cholesterol levels were reported | #9 |
This pilot randomised controlled study evaluated the effects of a nutrient-supported intermittent energy restriction nutrition programme to prevent weight gain in healthy overweight adults during the 6-week winter holiday period between Thanksgiving and New Year. For 52 d, twenty-two overweight adults (mean age 41·0 years, BMI 27·3 kg/m2) were assigned to either the nutrition programme (n 10; two fasting days of 730 kcal/d (3050 kJ/d) of balanced shake and dietary supplements to support weight management efforts, followed by 5 d of habitual diet) or a control group (n 12; habitual diet). A significant weight loss from baseline (pre-holiday 10 d before Thanksgiving) to day 52 (post-holiday 3 January) was observed in the nutrition programme (75·0 (sd 9·8) v. 76·3 (sd 9·8) kg; P < 0·05). Body weight did not significantly change in the control group and there was no between-group difference. Increases from baseline in fasting insulin (42·9 %; P = 0·0256), updated homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA2) (43 %; P = 0·025), LDL-cholesterol (8·4 %; P = 0·0426) and total cholesterol (7·1 %; P = 0·0154) levels were also reported in the control group. In the nutrition programme group, baseline HDL-cholesterol and TAG levels measured after two fasting days increased (13 %; P = 0·0245) and decreased (22·8 %; P = 0·0416), respectively. There was no significant change in HOMA2. Between-group differences in changes in insulin levels (P = 0·0227), total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (P = 0·0419) and HOMA2 (P = 0·0210) were significant. Overall compliance rate was 98 % and no severe adverse events were reported. These preliminary findings suggest that this intermittent energy restriction intervention might support weight management efforts and help promote metabolic health during the winter holiday season.