Massage and heat application on labor pain and comfort: A quasi-randomized controlled experimental study.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to determine the effects of sacral massage and heat application on labor pain perception and comfort levels in pregnant women.
Results Summary
The study found that both sacral massage and heat application significantly reduced labor pain perception compared to the control group, with heat application showing slightly better results. Additionally, heat application improved overall comfort levels more than massage or standard care.
Population
Primiparous pregnant women aged 17-35 with cervical dilation of 4-5 cm.
Effective Dosage
Sacral massage applied at 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm, and 8-9 cm cervical dilation (specific duration/frequency not detailed).
Duration
Intervention administered during active labor (cervical dilation from 4-5 cm to 8-9 cm).
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sacral heat application | decrease | mean pain score | primiparous pregnant women (cervix dilated to 4-5 cm) | 4.56±0.67 vs 5.03±1.06 (MG) and 5.23±0.72 (CG) | significantly lower | #1 |
sacral heat application | decrease | mean pain score | primiparous pregnant women (cervix dilated to 6-7 cm) | 6.80±0.7 vs 7.70±0.5 (CG) | significantly lower | #2 |
sacral massage | decrease | mean pain score | primiparous pregnant women (cervix dilated to 6-7 cm) | 7.30±0.8 vs 7.70±0.5 (CG) | significantly lower | #3 |
sacral heat application | increase | mean CCQ total score | primiparous pregnant women (cervix dilated to 8-9 cm) | 31.06±3.46 vs 27.66±3.85 (CG) | statistically significant difference | #4 |
sacral heat application | increase | mean CCQ physical comfort score | primiparous pregnant women (cervix dilated to 8-9 cm) | 13.16±1.89 vs 11.03±1.80 (CG) | statistically significant difference | #5 |
sacral heat application | increase | mean CCQ relief comfort level score | primiparous pregnant women (cervix dilated to 8-9 cm) | 11.23±1.43 vs 10.00±2.01 (CG) | statistically significant difference | #6 |
sacral heat application | increase | mean CCQ transcendence comfort level score | primiparous pregnant women (cervix dilated to 8-9 cm) | 19.83±2.37 vs 17.66±2.15 (CG) | statistically significant difference | #7 |
heat application and massage | decrease | perception of pain | pregnant women | - | reduce | #8 |
heat application and massage | increase | comfort during labor | pregnant women | - | provide | #9 |
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sacral massage and heat application on the perceptions of labor pain and comfort level in pregnant women. METHODS: This was a quasi-randomized controlled experimental study. The data were collected under three groups in 2016: the heat application group (HAG), the massage group (MG), and the control group (CG). Each group included 30 primiparous pregnant women (range of age: 17-35) whose cervix was dilated to 4-5 cm. At 4-5 cm, 6-7 cm, and 8-9 cm cervical dilation, sacral massage was applied to MG, and sacral heat application was applied to HAG. Each group received standard midwifery care during labor. The data were collected using the Childbirth Comfort Questionnaire (CCQ) and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The data were analyzed by using the Chi-square test, the Friedman test, Paired sample t-test, ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test RESULTS: The mean pain score in HAG (4.56±0.67) during 4-5 cm of cervical dilation was significantly lower than those in MG (5.03±1.06) or CG (5.23±0.72) (p < 0.05). The mean pain scores in HAG (6.80±0.7) and MG (7.30±0.8) during 6-7 cm of cervical dilation were significantly lower than that in CG (7.70±0.5) (p < 0.001). Moreover, a statistically significant difference was found between the mean CCQ total scores (HAG: 31.06±3.46, CG: 27.66±3.85, p < 0.05), mean CCQ physical comfort scores (HAG: 13.16±1.89, CG: 11.03±1.80, p < 0.001), mean CCQ relief comfort level score (HAG: 11.23±1.43, CG: 10.00±2.01, p < 0.05) and mean CCQ transcendence comfort level scores (HAG: 19.83±2.37, CG: 17.66±2.15, p < 0.05) and both HAG and CG during 8-9 cm of cervical dilation. CONCLUSIONS: Heat application and massage can be used as a safe and effective midwifery intervention to reduce the perception of pain in pregnant women and provide comfort during labor.