Pharmacokinetics of exogenous melatonin in relation to formulation, and effects on sleep: A systematic review.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to understand the relationship between different melatonin formulations and their pharmacokinetic properties, and their effects on sleep outcomes.
Results Summary
Six out of seven studies investigating melatonin's effect on sleep found significant improvements in one or more sleep parameters. The abstract suggests potential for improved controlled-release formulations to enhance efficacy.
Population
Not specified in the abstract.
Effective Dosage
Not specified in the abstract.
Duration
Not specified in the abstract.
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
melatonin transdermal formulation | neutral | - | - | - | - | #1 |
melatonin oral formulations | neutral | - | - | - | - | #2 |
melatonin topical formulation | neutral | - | - | - | - | #3 |
melatonin buccal formulations | neutral | - | - | - | - | #4 |
melatonin intravenous formulations | neutral | - | - | - | - | #5 |
melatonin nasogastric formulations | neutral | - | - | - | - | #6 |
melatonin formulation | increase | one or more sleep parameters | - | - | found a significant improvement | #7 |
There is conflicting evidence on the clinical efficacy of exogenous melatonin for the treatment of sleep disorders. This may be due to differences in the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of melatonin formulations used in clinical trials. The aim of this systematic review was to understand the relationship between melatonin formulations and PK parameters and, where possible, the effects on sleep outcomes. To this purpose, we conducted a systematic review and nineteen papers were included. The studies included three melatonin transdermal formulation, thirteen oral formulations, one topical, two buccal, two intravenous and two nasogastric formulations. Seven studies investigated the effect of the melatonin formulation on sleep and six of them found a significant improvement in one or more sleep parameters. The potential for an improved controlled release formulation that delays maximum concentration (C