Adiponectin gene variant rs266729 interacts with different macronutrient distributions of two different hypocaloric diets during nine months.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to evaluate the effect of the ADIPOQ gene polymorphism rs266729 on biochemical changes and weight loss after a high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet compared to a standard hypocaloric diet over 9 months.
Results Summary
All patients lost weight regardless of genotype and diet. Non G-allele carriers (CC genotype) showed significant improvements in cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, insulin, HOMA-IR, and adiponectin levels with both diets, while G-allele carriers did not exhibit the same benefits.
Population
269 obese patients
Effective Dosage
Diet HP: 33% carbohydrates (86.1 g/day), 33% fat (39.0 g/day), 34% protein (88.6 g/day). Diet S: 1093 cal/day, 53% carbohydrates (144.3 g/day), 27% fat (32.6 g/day), 20% protein (55.6 g/day).
Duration
9 months
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
high-protein/low-carbohydrate hypocaloric diet (diet HP) | decrease | cholesterol levels | obese patients with CC genotype | 14.4 ± 1.8 mg/dL vs -5.0 ± 1.9 mg/dL | showed significant improvement | #1 |
high-protein/low-carbohydrate hypocaloric diet (diet HP) | decrease | LDL-cholesterol levels | obese patients with CC genotype | 14.4 ± 1.9 mg/dL vs -5.1 ± 1.8 mg/dL | showed significant improvement | #2 |
high-protein/low-carbohydrate hypocaloric diet (diet HP) | decrease | insulin levels | obese patients with CC genotype | -4.1 ± 0.3 mU/L vs -2.0 ± 0.6 mU/L | showed significant improvement | #3 |
high-protein/low-carbohydrate hypocaloric diet (diet HP) | decrease | HOMA-IR levels | obese patients with CC genotype | -1.4 ± 0.2 units vs -0.5 ± 0.3 units | showed significant improvement | #4 |
high-protein/low-carbohydrate hypocaloric diet (diet HP) | increase | adiponectin levels | obese patients with CC genotype | 10.2 ± 1.4 ng/dL vs 3.1 ± 1.1 ng/dL | showed significant improvement | #5 |
standard severe hypocaloric diet (diet S) | decrease | total cholesterol levels | obese patients with CC genotype | -17.1 ± 1.9 mg/dL vs -5.3 ± 1.3 mg/dL | showed significant improvement | #6 |
standard severe hypocaloric diet (diet S) | decrease | LDL-cholesterol levels | obese patients with CC genotype | -12.3 ± 1.9 mg/dL vs -8.0 ± 1.2 mg/dL | showed significant improvement | #7 |
standard severe hypocaloric diet (diet S) | decrease | insulin levels | obese patients with CC genotype | -4.0 ± 0.9 mU/L vs -1.3 ± 0.5 mU/L | showed significant improvement | #8 |
standard severe hypocaloric diet (diet S) | decrease | HOMA-IR levels | obese patients with CC genotype | -1.2 ± 0.1 units vs -0.6 ± 0.2 units | showed significant improvement | #9 |
standard severe hypocaloric diet (diet S) | increase | adiponectin levels | obese patients with CC genotype | 11.1 ± 2.7 ng/dL vs 3.3 ± 1.2 ng/dL | showed significant improvement | #10 |
high-protein/low-carbohydrate hypocaloric diet (diet HP) and standard severe hypocaloric diet (diet S) | decrease | weight | all obese patients | - | lost weight | #11 |
high-protein/low-carbohydrate hypocaloric diet (diet HP) and standard severe hypocaloric diet (diet S) | decrease | LDL-cholesterol, HOMA-IR, insulin, and adiponectin levels | non G-allele carriers (CC genotype) | - | showed a better response | #12 |
Background: the role of ADIPOQ gene variants on metabolic changes after weight loss secondary to different hypocaloric diets remains unclear and poorly investigated. Objective: we evaluated the effect of polymorphism rs266729 of ADIPOQ gene on biochemical changes and weight loss after a high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet vs a standard severe hypocaloric diet during 9 months. Material and methods: a population of 269 obese patients was enrolled in a randomized intervention trial for 9 months with two diets. Diet HP (high protein) was 33 % of carbohydrates (86.1 g/day), 33 % of fat (39.0 g/day), and 34 % of proteins (88.6 g/day). Diet S (standard) was 1093 cal/day, 53 % carbohydrates (144.3 g/day), 27 % fats (32.6 g), and 20 % proteins (55.6 g/day). Before and after the intervention an anthropometric evaluation, an assessment of nutritional intake, and a biochemical analysis were carried out. Results: all patients lost weight regardless of genotype and diet. After the intervention with a high protein hypocaloric diet (diet HP) only subjects with CC genotype showed significant improvement in cholesterol (14.4 ± 1.8 md/dL vs -5.0 ± 1.9 mg/dL; p = 0.02), LDL-cholesterol (14.4 ± 1.9 mg/dL vs -5.1 ± 1.8 mg/dL; p = 0.01), insulin (-4.1 ± 0.3 mU/L vs -2.0 ± 0.6 mU/L; p = 0.02), HOMA-IR (-1.4 ± 0.2 units vs -0.5 ± 0.3 units; p = 0.02) and adiponectin (10.2 ± 1.4 ng/dL vs 3.1 ± 1.1 ng/dL; p = 0.01) levels. After the second dietary strategy with a standard hypocaloric diet (diet S) only subjects with CC genotype showed significant improvement in total cholesterol (CC vs CG + GG) (-17.1 ± 1.9 md/dL vs -5.3 ± 1.3 mg/dL; p = 0.02), LDL-cholesterol (-12.3 ± 1.9 mg/dL vs -8.0 ± 1.2 mg/dL; p = 0.01), insulin (-4.0 ± 0.9 mU/L vs -1.3 ± 0.5 mU/L; p = 0.02), HOMA-IR (-1.2 ± 0.1 units vs -0.6 ± 0.2 units; p = 0.02), and adiponectin (11.1 ± 2.7 ng/dL vs 3.3 ± 1.2 ng/dL; p = 0.02) levels. Conclusion: non G-allele carriers showed a better response of LDL-cholesterol, HOMA-IR, insulin, and adiponectin levels than G-allele carriers before weight loss with both diets. Antecedentes: el papel de las variantes del gen ADIPOQ en los cambios metabólicos después de la pérdida de peso secundaria a diferentes dietas hipocalóricas sigue sin estar claro y es un área poco investigada. Objetivo: evaluamos el efecto del polimorfismo rs266729 del gen ADIPOQ sobre los cambios bioquímicos y la pérdida de peso después de una dieta con alto contenido en proteínas y baja en carbohidratos frente a una dieta hipocalórica severa estándar durante 9 meses. Material y métodos: se reclutó una muestra de 269 pacientes obesos en un ensayo de intervención aleatorizado de 9 meses con dos dietas. La dieta HP (alta en proteínas) tenía la siguiente composicion: 33 % de carbohidratos (86,1 g/día), 33 % de grasas (39,0 g/día) y 34 % de proteínas (88,6 g/día). La dieta S (estándar), de 1093 cal/día, tenía 53 % de carbohidratos (144,3 g/día), 27 % de grasas (32,6 g) y 20 % de proteínas (55,6 g/día). Antes y después de la intervención se realizaron una evaluación antropométrica, una valoración de la ingesta nutricional y un análisis bioquímico. Resultados: todos los pacientes bajaron de peso independientemente del genotipo y la dieta utilizada. Después de la intervención con la dieta HP, solo los sujetos con genotipo CC mostraron una mejoría significativa de los niveles de colesterol (14,4 ± 1,8 mg/dl vs. -5,0 ± 1,9 mg/dl; p = 0,02), colesterol-LDL (14,4 ± 1,9 mg/dl frente a -5,1 ± 1,8 mg/dl; p = 0,01), insulina (-4,1 ± 0,3 mU/L frente a -2,0 ± 0,6 mU/L; p = 0,02), HOMA-IR (-1,4 ± 0,2 unidades frente a -0,5 ± 0,3 unidades; p = 0,02) y adiponectina (10,2±1,4 ng/dl frente a 3,1 ± 1,1 ng/dl; p = 0,01). Después de la segunda estrategia dietética con una dieta hipocalórica estándar (dieta S), solo los sujetos con genotipo CC mostraron una mejora significativa de los niveles de colesterol total (CC vs. CG + GG) (-17,1 ± 1,9 mg/dl vs. -5,3 ± 1,3 mg/dl; p = 0,02), colesterol-LDL (-12,3 ± 1,9 mg/dl frente a -8,0 ± 1,2 mg/dl; p = 0,01), insulina (-4,0 ± 0,9 mU/L frente a -1,3 ± 0,5 mU/L; p = 0,02), HOMA-IR (-1,2 ± 0,1 unidades frente a -0,6 ± 0,2 unidades; p = 0,02) y adiponectina (11,1 ± 2,7 ng/dl frente a 3,3 ± 1,2 ng/dl; p = 0,02). Conclusión: los no portadores del alelo G mostraron una mejor respuesta de los niveles de colesterol-LDL, HOMA-IR, insulina y adiponectina que los portadores del alelo G antes de la pérdida de peso con ambas dietas.