BACKGROUND: The main benefits of cryotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are in reducing inflammation and swelling and in relieving joint pain. This study aimed to compare the short-term effects of cold air therapy vs. ice massage, on pain and handgrip strength (HGS) in patients with RA. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study is a non-randomized clinical trial. Patients were recruited if they had disease activity score (DAS28) ≥3.2 with at least 2 swollen joints on the dominant hand and were consecutively divided into two groups of 15 patients. There was no statistically significant difference in DAS28 score between groups. The first group received cold air therapy at -30°C and the second ice massage of the hands. The pain (visual analogue scale, 0-10), and HGS (kg) were measured immediately prior and after cryotherapy, and 30 and 60 minutes after cryotherapy. Descriptive statistics, Independent Samples T-test, and Paired Samples T-test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Pain intensities for cold air therapy were as follows: 5.33 (±2.44), 3.13 (±2.67), 2.87 (±2.56), 2.80 (±2.73), and for ice massage were: 5.20 (±2.37), 2.87 (±2.42), 2.60 (±2.23), 2.67 (±2.28). In both groups pain was significantly lower immediately after, 30 and 60 minutes after the treatment compared to the baseline (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in pain alleviation between the groups regarding the used method of cryotherapy on all three measured time points. Nonsignificant improvement in HGS occurred after both methods of cryotherapy. There was no significant correlation between pain intensity and HGS. CONCLUSIONS: A single application of cold air therapy and ice massage equally provides immediate and significant pain alleviation in patients with active RA, which is maintained for one hour. There is scientific evidence that HGS is influenced greatly by the disease activity. A single application of cryotherapy could not reduce disease activity explaining recorded nonsignificant effect on HGS.