Blood Lipid Responses to Diets Enriched with Cottonseed Oil Compared With Olive Oil in Adults with High Cholesterol in a Randomized Trial.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to compare the effects of a cottonseed oil (PUFA-rich) versus olive oil (MUFA-rich) high-fat diet on blood lipids and glycemic markers in hypercholesterolemic adults.
Results Summary
The study found that cottonseed oil (CSO) led to greater reductions in fasting serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and apoB compared to olive oil (OO). CSO also showed protective effects against postprandial glucose and triglyceride spikes after a high-SFA meal, unlike OO.
Population
Hypercholesterolemic adults (43 participants, aged 53 ± 10 years, BMI 27.6 ± 4.8 kg/m²).
Effective Dosage
30% of daily energy needs from either CSO or OO, provided via meals and snacks covering ~60% of daily energy requirements.
Duration
8 weeks
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cottonseed oil (CSO; PUFA rich) diet enrichment | decrease | fasting serum total cholesterol | hypercholesterolemic adults | -17.0 ± 3.94 mg/dL compared with -2.18 ± 3.72 mg/dL | greater reductions | #1 |
cottonseed oil (CSO; PUFA rich) diet enrichment | decrease | LDL cholesterol | hypercholesterolemic adults | -19.7 ± 3.94 mg/dL compared with -5.72 ± 4.23 mg/dL | greater reductions | #2 |
cottonseed oil (CSO; PUFA rich) diet enrichment | decrease | non-HDL cholesterol | hypercholesterolemic adults | -20.8 mg/dL ± 4.00 compared with -6.61 ± 4.01 mg/dL | greater reductions | #3 |
cottonseed oil (CSO; PUFA rich) diet enrichment | decrease | apoB | hypercholesterolemic adults | -11.8 mg/dL ± 2.37 compared with -3.10 ± 2.99 mg/dL | greater reductions | #4 |
8-week diet intervention rich in either cottonseed oil (CSO) or olive oil (OO) | increase | HDL cholesterol | hypercholesterolemic adults | CSO, 56.5 ± 2.79 mg/dL to 60.2 ± 3.35 mg/dL; OO: 59.7 ± 2.63 mg/dL to 64.1 ± 2.24 mg/dL | increases | #5 |
8-week diet intervention rich in either cottonseed oil (CSO) or olive oil (OO) | decrease | TC:HDL-cholesterol ratio | hypercholesterolemic adults | CSO, 4.30 ± 0.27 mg/dL to 3.78 ± 0.27 mg/dL; OO, 3.94 ± 0.16 mg/dL to 3.57 ± 0.11 mg/dL | decreases | #6 |
cottonseed oil (CSO; PUFA rich) diet enrichment | decrease | postprandial plasma glucose responses | hypercholesterolemic adults | - | showing protection | #7 |
cottonseed oil (CSO; PUFA rich) diet enrichment | decrease | postprandial triglyceride responses | hypercholesterolemic adults | - | showing protection | #8 |
cottonseed oil (CSO; PUFA rich) diet enrichment | improvement | fasting blood lipids | hypercholesterolemic adults | - | caused substantial improvements | #9 |
cottonseed oil (CSO; PUFA rich) diet enrichment | improvement | postprandial blood lipids | hypercholesterolemic adults | - | caused substantial improvements | #10 |
cottonseed oil (CSO; PUFA rich) diet enrichment | improvement | postprandial glycemia | hypercholesterolemic adults | - | caused substantial improvements | #11 |
olive oil (OO; MUFA rich) diet enrichment | no change | fasting and postprandial blood lipids and postprandial glycemia | hypercholesterolemic adults | - | not | #12 |
BACKGROUND: Increasing unsaturated fat intake is beneficial for cardiovascular health, but the type of unsaturated fat to recommend remains equivocal. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effects of an 8-week diet intervention that was rich in either cottonseed oil (CSO; PUFA rich) or olive oil (OO; MUFA rich) on blood lipids in hypercholesterolemic adults. METHODS: Forty-three men and women with hypercholesterolemia (53 ± 10 years; BMI, 27.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2) completed this randomized parallel clinical trial consisting of an 8-week partial outpatient feeding intervention. Participants were given meals and snacks accounting for ∼60% of their daily energy needs, with 30% of energy needs from either CSO (n = 21) or OO (n = 22). At pre- and postdiet intervention visits, participants consumed a high-SFA meal (35% of total energy needs; 70% of energy from fat). The primary outcomes of fasting cholesterol profiles and secondary outcomes of postprandial blood lipids and glycemic markers were assessed over a 5-hour period. RESULTS: There were greater reductions from baseline to week 8 in fasting serum total cholesterol (TC; -17.0 ± 3.94 mg/dL compared with -2.18 ± 3.72 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.008), LDL cholesterol (-19.7 ± 3.94 mg/dL compared with -5.72 ± 4.23 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.018), non-HDL cholesterol (-20.8 mg/dL ± 4.00 compared with -6.61 ± 4.01 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.014), and apoB (-11.8 mg/dL ± 2.37 compared with -3.10 ± 2.99 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.05), in CSO compared with OO. There were also visit effects from baseline to week 8 for increases in HDL cholesterol (CSO, 56.5 ± 2.79 mg/dL to 60.2 ± 3.35 mg/dL, respectively; OO: 59.7 ± 2.63 mg/dL to 64.1 ± 2.24 mg/dL, respectively; P < 0.001), and decreases in the TC:HDL-cholesterol ratio (CSO, 4.30 ± 0.27 mg/dL to 3.78 ± 0.27 mg/dL, respectively; OO, 3.94 ± 0.16 mg/dL to 3.57 ± 0.11 mg/dL, respectively; P < 0.001), regardless of group assignment. In response to the high-SFA meal, there were differences in postprandial plasma glucose (P = 0.003) and triglyceride (P = 0.004) responses and a trend in nonesterified fatty acids (P = 0.11) between groups, showing protection in the postprandial state from an occasional high-SFA fat meal with CSO, but not OO, diet enrichment. CONCLUSIONS: CSO, but not OO, diet enrichment caused substantial improvements in fasting and postprandial blood lipids and postprandial glycemia in hypercholesterolemic adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04397055.