The effect of a fruit-rich diet on liver biomarkers, insulin resistance, and lipid profile in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to investigate the effect of a fruit-rich diet (FRD) on liver steatosis, liver enzymes (including alanine aminotransferase (ALT)), insulin resistance, and lipid profile in patients with NAFLD.
Results Summary
The study found that consuming more than 4 servings of fruits per day exacerbated steatosis, dyslipidemia, and glycemic control in NAFLD patients, with no significant improvement in liver enzymes like ALT.
Population
Eighty adults with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).
Effective Dosage
At least 4 servings of fruits daily (FRD group) vs. less than 2 servings/day (control group).
Duration
6 months.
Interactions
None mentioned.
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fruit rich diet (FRD) with consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits daily | increase | BMI | adults with NAFLD | 31.40 ± 2.61 vs. 25.68 ± 2.54 | had significantly higher | #1 |
fruit rich diet (FRD) with consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits daily | increase | alanine aminotransferase (ALT) | adults with NAFLD | 45.20 ± 8.12 vs. 32.10 ± 6.45 | had significantly higher | #2 |
fruit rich diet (FRD) with consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits daily | increase | aspartate aminotransferase (AST) | adults with NAFLD | 38.50 ± 7.23 vs. 28.90 ± 5.67 | had significantly higher | #3 |
fruit rich diet (FRD) with consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits daily | increase | alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | adults with NAFLD | 210.30 ± 25.40 vs. 180.50 ± 20.30 | had significantly higher | #4 |
fruit rich diet (FRD) with consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits daily | increase | gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) | adults with NAFLD | 55.60 ± 10.20 vs. 40.30 ± 8.90 | had significantly higher | #5 |
fruit rich diet (FRD) with consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits daily | increase | total cholesterol (TC) | adults with NAFLD | 220.50 ± 30.20 vs. 190.30 ± 25.60 | had significantly higher | #6 |
fruit rich diet (FRD) with consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits daily | increase | triglyceride (TG) | adults with NAFLD | 250.80 ± 40.50 vs. 210.60 ± 35.20 | had significantly higher | #7 |
fruit rich diet (FRD) with consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits daily | increase | low-density lipoprotein (LDL) | adults with NAFLD | 140.20 ± 25.30 vs. 120.50 ± 20.40 | had significantly higher | #8 |
fruit rich diet (FRD) with consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits daily | increase | glucose | adults with NAFLD | 110.50 ± 15.20 vs. 95.60 ± 12.30 | had significantly higher | #9 |
fruit rich diet (FRD) with consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits daily | increase | homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) | adults with NAFLD | 4.50 ± 1.20 vs. 3.20 ± 0.90 | had significantly higher | #10 |
fruit rich diet (FRD) with consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits daily | decrease | high-density lipoprotein (HDL) | adults with NAFLD | 38.50 ± 6.20 vs. 45.60 ± 7.80 | had significantly lower | #11 |
fruit rich diet (FRD) with consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits daily | increase | steatosis | NAFLD patients | - | exacerbates | #12 |
fruit rich diet (FRD) with consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits daily | increase | dyslipidemia | NAFLD patients | - | exacerbates | #13 |
fruit rich diet (FRD) with consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits daily | decrease | glycemic control | NAFLD patients | - | exacerbates | #14 |
BACKGROUND: Despite confirmed dietary approaches to improve the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), the effect of fruits on NAFLD is not clear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a fruit rich diet (FRD) on liver steatosis, liver enzymes, Insulin resistance, and lipid profile in patients with NAFLD. METHODS: Eighty adults with NAFLD participated in this randomized controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to the FRD group with consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits daily or the control group with fruits consumption of less than 2 servings/day. The grade of steatosis, serum levels of liver enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glucose, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured at the baseline and at the end of the study. RESULTS: After 6 months of intervention, the FRD group had significantly higher BMI (31.40 ± 2.61 vs. 25.68 ± 2.54, CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicated that consumption of fruits more than 4 servings/day exacerbates steatosis, dyslipidemia, and glycemic control in NAFLD patients. Further studies are needed to identify the underlying mechanisms of the effects of fruits on NAFLD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered at Iranian randomized clinical trial website with IRCT registration no. IRCT20201010048982N1on October 15, 2020.