Effects of mindfulness-based interventions on neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychological well-being on people with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to determine the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychological outcomes in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Results Summary
Mindfulness-based interventions showed significant immediate post-intervention improvements in anxiety, stress, and quality of life, but no significant effects were found for depression, apathy, mindfulness, or stress-related biomarkers. Follow-up analysis also did not reveal sustained effects for depression and anxiety.
Population
Individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
Not specified
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mindfulness-based interventions | decrease | anxiety | individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | g = -0.30, 95% CI -0.49 to -0.11 | demonstrated statistically significant immediate post-intervention effects | #1 |
mindfulness-based interventions | decrease | stress | individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | g = -0.58, 95% CI -0.91 to -0.24 | demonstrated statistically significant immediate post-intervention effects | #2 |
mindfulness-based interventions | increase | quality of life | individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | g = 0.50, 95% CI 0.12-0.87 | demonstrated statistically significant immediate post-intervention effects | #3 |
mindfulness-based interventions | no change | depression | individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | no significant change | no significant effects were found | #4 |
mindfulness-based interventions | no change | apathy | individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | no significant change | no significant effects were found | #5 |
mindfulness-based interventions | no change | mindfulness | individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | no significant change | no significant effects were found | #6 |
mindfulness-based interventions | no change | stress-related biomarkers | individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | no significant change | no significant effects were found | #7 |
mindfulness-based interventions | no change | depression | individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | no significant change | follow-up data analysis also did not reveal significant effects | #8 |
mindfulness-based interventions | no change | anxiety | individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | no significant change | follow-up data analysis also did not reveal significant effects | #9 |
OBJECTIVES: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are highly prevalent in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and are strongly linked to accelerated cognitive decline and dementia onset. While mindfulness-based interventions have shown promise in improving psychological well-being in clinical and community settings, their efficacy for individuals in these pre-dementia stages remains unclear. This meta-analysis examined the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on NPS and psychological outcomes in these preclinical cohorts. METHODS: Eligible studies were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, JBI EPB, Web of Science, and Cochrane library. Two independent researchers conducted the literature search and data extraction. Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Assessment Tool was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Intervention effects were estimated by Hedge's g and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: A total of 18 randomized controlled trials (including 974 participants from 21 studies) were included in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated statistically significant immediate post-intervention effects of mindfulness-based interventions on anxiety (g = -0.30, 95% CI -0.49 to -0.11), stress (g = -0.58, 95% CI -0.91 to -0.24), and quality of life (g = 0.50, 95% CI 0.12-0.87). However, no significant effects were found for depression, apathy, mindfulness, and stress-related biomarkers. Follow-up data analysis also did not reveal significant effects for depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that mindfulness-based interventions may improve anxiety, stress, and quality of life in individuals with SCD and MCI. However, more rigorous randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and evaluation using physiological parameters are needed to establish more definitive conclusions. Future interventions could consider incorporating cognitive training and health education to address the specific needs of the pre-dementia population. REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO: CRD42022359906.