The effect of dietary interventions or patterns on the cardiometabolic health of individuals treated with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: A systematic review.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to evaluate the effect of a low-carbohydrate diet, combined with physical activity, on cardiometabolic biomarkers and cardiovascular disease risk in prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy.
Results Summary
The study found that a low-carbohydrate diet with physical activity may improve high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, reduce the incidence of metabolic syndrome, and lower the Framingham cardiovascular disease risk score, though the evidence was limited by weak methodology and small sample sizes.
Population
Prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy.
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
Not specified
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
healthy Western dietary pattern with exercise | decrease | blood pressure | prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy | - | improved | #1 |
healthy Western dietary pattern with exercise | increase | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy | - | may improve | #2 |
healthy Western dietary pattern with exercise | increase | flow-mediated dilation | prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy | - | may improve | #3 |
Soy | decrease | total cholesterol | prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy | - | may improve | #4 |
low-carbohydrate diet with physical activity | increase | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy | - | may improve | #5 |
low-carbohydrate diet with physical activity | decrease | incidence of metabolic syndrome | prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy | - | may improve | #6 |
low-carbohydrate diet with physical activity | decrease | Framingham cardiovascular disease risk score | prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy | - | may improve | #7 |
Prostate cancer survivors treated with androgen deprivation therapy may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary recommendations for the prevention and/or management of cardiovascular disease for these individuals are lacking. This review synthesizes the evidence on the effect of dietary interventions on cardiometabolic biomarkers and cardiovascular disease risk in prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy. A systematic review was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL. Intervention or observational cohort studies evaluating diets, nutrients, or nutraceuticals with or without concurrent exercise interventions on cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular events, or cardiovascular disease biomarkers in those treated with androgen deprivation therapy were included. Confidence in the body of evidence was appraised using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations. Twelve studies reported across fifteen papers were included. Interventions were heterogenous, with most studies including an exercise co-intervention (n = 8). Few significant findings for the effects of diet on cardiometabolic markers were likely due to weak methodology and sample sizes. Strongest evidence was for the effect of a healthy Western dietary pattern with exercise on improved blood pressure (Confidence: moderate). The healthy Western dietary pattern with exercise may improve high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Confidence: Low) and flow-mediated dilation. Soy may improve total cholesterol (Confidence: Very low). A low-carbohydrate diet with physical activity may improve high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, incidence of metabolic syndrome, and Framingham cardiovascular disease risk score. Evidence of the effect of dietary interventions on cardiometabolic biomarkers and cardiovascular disease risk of prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy is insufficient to inform practice. Well-designed dietary interventions aimed at improving cardiometabolic outcomes of this population are warranted to inform future dietary recommendations.