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Comparison of Metabolic and Hormonal Profiles between Low-Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and Standard AGEs-Containing Weight-Loss Diets in Overweight Phenotype-A PCOS Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)
April 1, 2025
Merve Ozdemir et al. (3 authors)
Journal ArticleRandomized Controlled TrialComparative StudyHuman StudyClinical
Study Details

Study Goal

The researchers aimed to determine whether a low-AGEs diet compared to a standard AGEs diet would improve metabolic and hormonal profiles in overweight phenotype-A PCOS patients during weight loss.

Results Summary

The study found that a low-AGEs diet led to significantly greater improvements in fasting glucose, waist-to-hip ratio, LDL-cholesterol, TNF-α, testosterone levels, and other hormonal markers compared to a standard AGEs diet, despite similar weight loss in both groups. Limitations include a relatively small sample size and some participant dropouts.

Population

44 overweight phenotype-A PCOS patients aged 19-35 (Rotterdam criteria).

Effective Dosage

Not specified (energy-restricted diets with standard vs. low AGE content).

Duration

12 weeks.

Interactions

None mentioned.

Extracted Claims (13)
InterventionDirectionEndpointPopulationDosageImpactClaim #
energy-restricted Low-AGEs diet
decrease
weight
Rotterdam phenotype-A PCOS patients
-8.4 [-10.3 to -5.8] kg
similar weight loss was observed
#1
energy-restricted Standard-AGEs diet
decrease
weight
Rotterdam phenotype-A PCOS patients
-5.2 [-8.8 to -4.6] kg
similar weight loss was observed
#2
energy-restricted Low-AGEs diet
decrease
fasting glucose levels
Rotterdam phenotype-A PCOS patients
-8.5 [-11.5 to -3.5] mmol/L
fasting glucose levels decreased significantly more
#3
energy-restricted Standard-AGEs diet
decrease
fasting glucose levels
Rotterdam phenotype-A PCOS patients
-0.5 [-3.7 to 0.7] mmol/L
fasting glucose levels decreased
#4
energy-restricted Low-AGEs diet
decrease
waist-to-hip circumference ratio
Rotterdam phenotype-A PCOS patients
-
waist-to-hip circumference ratio significantly decreased
#5
energy-restricted Low-AGEs diet
decrease
LDL-cholesterol
Rotterdam phenotype-A PCOS patients
-
LDL-cholesterol significantly decreased
#6
energy-restricted Low-AGEs diet
decrease
TNF-α
Rotterdam phenotype-A PCOS patients
-
TNF-α significantly decreased
#7
energy-restricted Low-AGEs diet
decrease
total testosterone (TT)
Rotterdam phenotype-A PCOS patients
-
total testosterone (TT) significantly decreased
#8
energy-restricted Low-AGEs diet
decrease
free-androgen index (FAI)
Rotterdam phenotype-A PCOS patients
-
free-androgen index (FAI) significantly decreased
#9
energy-restricted Low-AGEs diet
decrease
anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels
Rotterdam phenotype-A PCOS patients
-
anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels significantly decreased
#10
energy-restricted Low-AGEs diet
increase
sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels
Rotterdam phenotype-A PCOS patients
-
sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels increased
#11
energy-restricted Standard-AGEs diet
no change
waist-to-hip circumference ratio, LDL-cholesterol, TNF-α, total testosterone (TT), free-androgen index (FAI), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels
Rotterdam phenotype-A PCOS patients
-
no statistically significant change
#12
reducing dietary AGEs intake
increase
metabolic and hormonal profiles
phenotype-A PCOS patients
-
resulted in significantly greater improvements
#13
Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effects of a low-advanced glycation end products(AGEs) diet versus a standard AGE-containing weight-loss diet on metabolic and hormonal profiles of overweight phenotype-A polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) patients.A randomized controlled interventional study.A total of 44 Rotterdam phenotype-A PCOS patients aged 19-35 were enrolled between January 2022 and May 2023. They were randomly assigned to 12-weeks of an energy-restricted Standard-AGEs diet(S-AGEs) or an energy-restricted Low-AGEs diet(L-AGEs). At baseline and after 12-weeks of intervention, weight loss, oligo-amenorrhea, hormonal profiles, plasma lipid profiles, and inflammation markers were evaluated. During the intervention, 8 participants from the L-AGEs group and 6 from the S-AGEs group dropped out. Completers had similar baseline characteristics to dropouts. In the per-protocol analysis, similar weight loss was observed in the L-AGEs(n = 14) and S-AGEs(n = 16) groups compared to baseline weight [-8.4 [-10.3 to -5.8] vs. -5.2 [-8.8 to -4.6] kg, respectively, p = 0.183]. However, in the L-AGEs group, fasting glucose levels decreased significantly more compared to the S-AGEs group (-8.5 [-11.5 to -3.5] vs. -0.5 [-3.7 to 0.7] mmol/L, respectively, p = 0.027). Following the diet intervention in the L-AGEs group, the waist-to-hip circumference ratio, LDL-cholesterol, TNF-α, total testosterone (TT), free-androgen index (FAI), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels significantly decreased compared to baseline levels, while sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels increased. In contrast, there was no statistically significant change in these parameters in the S-AGEs group.In addition to weight-loss, reducing dietary AGEs intake resulted in significantly greater improvements in metabolic and hormonal profiles among phenotype-A PCOS patients. Clinicaltrials.gov registration no. NCT05830487.

Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
HumansFemaleGlycation End Products, AdvancedAdultPolycystic Ovary SyndromeOverweightDiet, ReducingYoung AdultWeight LossPhenotype
Study Links
Quality Scores
SafetyNot Assessed
Efficacy80/10
Quality80/10
Research Impact Scores
APT Score0.05
Weight Score2.60
Normalized Score0.68