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Electroconvulsive Therapy, Ketamine, and Esketamine in a Patient with Major Depressive Disorder and Multiple Comorbidities: A Case Report over 10-year Treatment from Adolescence to Adulthood.

Psychopharmacology bulletin
April 8, 2025
Keming Gao et al. (4 authors)
Case ReportsJournal ArticleHuman Study
Study Details

Study Goal

The researchers aimed to evaluate the effects of ketamine treatments (infusion, intranasal spray, and esketamine) on a patient with treatment-resistant depression and multiple comorbid disorders over a long-term period.

Results Summary

The patient experienced short-term benefits from ketamine infusion and electroconvulsive therapy but achieved two-year stability periods with compounded ketamine intranasal spray and esketamine, suggesting ketamine treatments may help complex TRD cases at different life stages.

Population

A single patient with treatment-resistant depression, generalized anxiety disorder, eating disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and borderline personality disorder.

Effective Dosage

Not specified

Duration

Over two years for compounded ketamine intranasal spray and esketamine.

Interactions

None mentioned

Extracted Claims (6)
InterventionDirectionEndpointPopulationDosageImpactClaim #
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
decrease
treatment-resistant depression
patient with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder, eating disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and borderline personality disorder
-
had some short-term benefit
#1
ketamine infusion (KET-IFU)
decrease
treatment-resistant depression
patient with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder, eating disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and borderline personality disorder
-
had some short-term benefit
#2
compounded ketamine intranasal spray (COM-KET)
decrease
treatment-resistant depression
patient with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder, eating disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and borderline personality disorder
two-years
had two-years stability
#3
intranasal esketamine (ESK)
decrease
treatment-resistant depression
patient with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder, eating disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and borderline personality disorder
two-years
had two-years stability
#4
intranasal esketamine (ESK)
decrease
treatment-resistant depression
patient with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder, eating disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and borderline personality disorder
more than two years
has been relatively stable without hospitalization or suicide attempt
#5
ketamine treatment
decrease
treatment-resistant depression
patients with TRD with complex representations
-
may benefit
#6
Abstract

In this case report, we present a patient with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder, eating disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and borderline personality disorder. Over a 10-year period, our case transitioned from adolescence to adulthood and received antidepressant monotherapy, adjunctive therapy with antipsychotics, lithium, or lamotrigine, several series of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), ketamine infusion (KET-IFU), compounded ketamine intranasal spray (COM-KET), and intranasal esketamine (ESK). She had seventeen documented hospitalizations, five self-reported hospitalizations, three intensive outpatient program treatments, two partial hospitalization program treatments, and three residential treatments. She attempted suicide seven times. She received five acute ECT series, one series of KET-IFU, one series of acute ESK with weekly ECT, a series of COM-KET treatment for more than two years, and a series of ESK for more than two years. The patient had some short-term benefit from ECT and KET-IFU. However, she had two-years stability with COM-KET or ESK at two different times. She has been relatively stable without hospitalization or suicide attempt with ESK for more than two years, suggesting that patients with TRD with complex representations may benefit from ketamine treatment at different times of life development.

Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
HumansKetamineElectroconvulsive TherapyDepressive Disorder, MajorFemaleDepressive Disorder, Treatment-ResistantAdolescentAdultCombined Modality TherapyAntidepressive AgentsYoung AdultComorbiditySuicide, Attempted
Study Links
PubMed ID40223914
Quality Scores
SafetyNot Assessed
Efficacy75/10
Quality30/10
Research Impact Scores
APT Score0.05
Weight Score2.00
Normalized Score0.56
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