| | | Human | patients with coronary artery disease or chronic heart failure | Not specified in the abstract. | Effect of creatine supplementation as a potential adjuvant therapy to exercise training in cardiac patients: a randomized controlled trial. |
| | | Human | trained young adults | — | Effects of Creatine and Caffeine Supplementation During Resistance Training on Body Composition, Strength, Endurance, Rating of Perceived Exertion and Fatigue in Trained Young Adults. |
| | | Human | — | Not specified | Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Catabolic Effects of Creatine Supplementation: A Brief Review. |
| | | Human | healthy older adults | Not specified | Current Evidence and Possible Future Applications of Creatine Supplementation for Older Adults. |
| | | Human | healthy older adults | Not specified | Current Evidence and Possible Future Applications of Creatine Supplementation for Older Adults. |
| | | Human | patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) | Q-ter 320 mg + creatine 340 mg once daily. | Coenzyme Q10 terclatrate and creatine in chronic heart failure: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. |
| | | Human | patients with COPD | Not specified in the abstract. | Supplementation with Qter |
| | | Human | twelve physically active men | 6 mg/kg of caffeine administered once after creatine loading. | Effect of caffeine ingestion after creatine supplementation on intermittent high-intensity sprint performance. |
| | | Human | older women | 5.0 g day(-1) | Long-term creatine supplementation improves muscular performance during resistance training in older women. |
| | | Human | older women | 5.0 g day(-1) | Long-term creatine supplementation improves muscular performance during resistance training in older women. |
| | | Human | older women | 5.0 g day(-1) | Long-term creatine supplementation improves muscular performance during resistance training in older women. |
| | | Human | — | Not available | Combined Impact of Creatine, Caffeine, and Variable Resistance on Repeated Sprint Ability in Young Soccer Players. |
| | | Human | elite soccer players | Not specified in the abstract. | Effects of Combined Creatine and Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on Soccer-Specific Performance in Elite Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial. |
| | | Human | trained taekwondo athletes | 0.5 g·kg⁻¹ of SB (specific frequency not stated). | Short-term co-ingestion of creatine and sodium bicarbonate improves anaerobic performance in trained taekwondo athletes. |
| | | Human | — | 20 g/day for 5 days or 2 g/day for 30 days | Use of creatine in the elderly and evidence for effects on cognitive function in young and old. |
| | | Human | — | 20 g/day for 5 days or 2 g/day for 30 days | Use of creatine in the elderly and evidence for effects on cognitive function in young and old. |
| | | Human | older adults | 20 g/day for 5 days or 2 g/day for 30 days | Use of creatine in the elderly and evidence for effects on cognitive function in young and old. |
| | | Human | older adults | 20 g/day for 5 days or 2 g/day for 30 days | Use of creatine in the elderly and evidence for effects on cognitive function in young and old. |
| | | Human | recreationally strength-trained men | Not specified (used as placebo) | Creatine supplementation prevents acute strength loss induced by concurrent exercise. |
| | | Human | recreationally strength-trained men | Not specified (used as placebo) | Creatine supplementation prevents acute strength loss induced by concurrent exercise. |
| | | Human | resistance-trained men | 4 × 5 g creatine monohydrate per day. | Creatine supplementation decreases oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by a single bout of resistance exercise. |
| | | Human | older woman | 4 x 5 g/d for 5 days followed by 5 g/d (same as creatine dosage) | Creatine supplementation associated or not with strength training upon emotional and cognitive measures in older women: a randomized double-blind study. |
| | | Human | vegetarians | Not specified | Benefits of Creatine Supplementation for Vegetarians Compared to Omnivorous Athletes: A Systematic Review. |
| | | Human | untrained healthy aging males | Not mentioned. | Effects of high-velocity resistance training and creatine supplementation in untrained healthy aging males. |
| | | Human | — | 3-6 mg/kg before exercise or 1-2 mg/kg during exercise. | Caffeine and creatine use in sport. |
| | | Human | — | Not specified | Timing of Creatine Supplementation around Exercise: A Real Concern? |
| | | Human | — | Not specified | Timing of Creatine Supplementation around Exercise: A Real Concern? |
| | | Human | Fourteen males | Not specified | The effects of creatine supplementation on thermoregulation and isokinetic muscular performance following acute (3-day) supplementation. |
| | | Human | the elderly | Not specified | Creatine supplementation: can it improve quality of life in the elderly without associated resistance training? |
| | | Human | 14 healthy participants | Not specified for calcium lactate (used as placebo). | Can Creatine Combat the Mental Fatigue-associated Decrease in Visuomotor Skills? |
| | | Human | 14 healthy participants | Not specified for calcium lactate (used as placebo). | Can Creatine Combat the Mental Fatigue-associated Decrease in Visuomotor Skills? |
| | | Human | 14 healthy participants | Not specified for calcium lactate (used as placebo). | Can Creatine Combat the Mental Fatigue-associated Decrease in Visuomotor Skills? |
| | | Human | 14 healthy participants | Not specified for calcium lactate (used as placebo). | Can Creatine Combat the Mental Fatigue-associated Decrease in Visuomotor Skills? |
| | | Human | elderly subjects | Not specified | Effects of Protein, Essential Amino Acids, B-Hydroxy B-Methylbutyrate, Creatine, Dehydroepiandrosterone and Fatty Acid Supplementation on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Older People Aged 60 Years and Over. A Systematic Review on the Literature. |
| | | Human | athletes and exercising individuals | 3-5 g/day or 0.1 g/kg of body mass/day. | Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show? |
| | | Human | active females | Ranged from five days to 12 weeks with various dosage strategies (specific amounts not detailed). | Does Creatine Supplementation Enhance Performance in Active Females? A Systematic Review. |
| | | Human | fourteen women players of a handball team | Not specified | Morning versus Evening Intake of Creatine in Elite Female Handball Players. |
| | | Human | — | Variable, with multiple regimens showing benefits (specific amounts not detailed). | Creatine Use in Sports. |
| | | Human | — | Variable, with multiple regimens showing benefits (specific amounts not detailed). | Creatine Use in Sports. |
| | | Human | — | Not specified | Creatine-electrolyte supplementation improves repeated sprint cycling performance: A double blind randomized control study. |
| | | Human | — | Not specified | Creatine-electrolyte supplementation improves repeated sprint cycling performance: A double blind randomized control study. |
| | | Human | — | Not specified | Creatine supplementation and endurance performance: surges and sprints to win the race. |
| | | Human | pre-menopausal females | High doses (0.3 g·kg) for post-menopausal females; specific dosage for pre-menopausal females not mentioned. | Creatine Supplementation in Women's Health: A Lifespan Perspective. |
| | | Human | older adults | 5 g, 4 times/day (total 20 g/day). | Impact of Short-Term Creatine Supplementation on Muscular Performance among Breast Cancer Survivors. |
| | | Human | BC survivors | 5 g, 4 times/day (total 20 g/day). | Impact of Short-Term Creatine Supplementation on Muscular Performance among Breast Cancer Survivors. |
| | | Human | career firefighters | 25 g whey protein isolate + 25 g carbohydrate powder daily. | The Effects of Protein and Carbohydrate Supplementation, with and without Creatine, on Occupational Performance in Firefighters. |
| | | Human | firefighters | 25 g whey protein isolate + 25 g carbohydrate powder daily. | The Effects of Protein and Carbohydrate Supplementation, with and without Creatine, on Occupational Performance in Firefighters. |
| | | Human | participants | 0.1 g/kg/day, 0.3 g/kg/day, and 0.4 g/kg/day of maltodextrin | Effect of Creatine Supplementation Dosing Strategies on Aging Muscle Performance. |
| | | Human | — | 20 g maltodextrin (single dose). | Effect of Preexercise Creatine Ingestion on Muscle Performance in Healthy Aging Males. |
| | | Human | healthy aging males | 20 g maltodextrin (single dose). | Effect of Preexercise Creatine Ingestion on Muscle Performance in Healthy Aging Males. |
| | | Human | — | Not specified | Efficacy of Alternative Forms of Creatine Supplementation on Improving Performance and Body Composition in Healthy Subjects: A Systematic Review. |
| | | Human | basketball players | 4.8 g of beta-alanine daily. | Effects of Combined Versus Single Supplementation of Creatine, Beta-Alanine, and L-Citrulline During Short Sprint Interval Training on Basketball Players' Performance: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. |
| | | Human | trained rowers | Not specified | The Impact of Preconditioning Strategies Designed to Improve 2000-m Rowing Ergometer Performance in Trained Rowers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. |
| | | Human | female athletes | Not available | Ergogenic Aids to Improve Physical Performance in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. |
| | | Human | — | Not available | Effects of amino acid derivatives on physical, mental, and physiological activities. |
| | | Human | female players | — | Effects of dietary supplements on athletic performance in elite soccer players: a systematic review. |
| | | HumanAnimalMolecular | a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | Not specified | Neuroprotective effects of creatine. |
| | | Human | — | Not specified | Dietary supplements and team-sport performance. |
| | | Human | elite soccer players | — | Dietary and Ergogenic Supplementation to Improve Elite Soccer Players' Performance. |
| | | Human | active-duty military personnel | Not specified | Dietary Supplementation on Physical Performance and Recovery in Active-Duty Military Personnel: A Systematic Review of Randomized and Quasi-Experimental Controlled Trials. |
| | | Human | athletes | Not specified | Practical Issues in Evidence-Based Use of Performance Supplements: Supplement Interactions, Repeated Use and Individual Responses. |
| | | Human | young individuals | Not specified | Effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function of healthy individuals: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. |
| | | Human | 12 sports students | Not specified | Effect of Taurine Combined With Creatine on Repeated Sprinting Ability After Exhaustive Exercise Under Hot and Humid Conditions. |
| | | Human | 12 sports students | Not specified | Effect of Taurine Combined With Creatine on Repeated Sprinting Ability After Exhaustive Exercise Under Hot and Humid Conditions. |
| | | Human | para-athlete population | — | Dietary Supplementation for Para-Athletes: A Systematic Review. |
| | | Human | — | Not specified | Evidence-Based Supplements for the Enhancement of Athletic Performance. |
| | | Human | physically active young adults | Not specified | Effects of Creatine Supplementation during Resistance Training Sessions in Physically Active Young Adults. |
| | | Human | untrained subjects | 2 g/day (betaine), 20 g/day (creatine), 2+20 g/day (betaine + creatine) | Creatine but not betaine supplementation increases muscle phosphorylcreatine content and strength performance. |
| | | Human | resistance-trained women | 24 g whey protein (PRO group) or 24 g whey protein plus 5 g creatine monohydrate (PRO + CRE group) post-exercise. | A Pilot Study Examining the Effects of 8-Week Whey Protein versus Whey Protein Plus Creatine Supplementation on Body Composition and Performance Variables in Resistance-Trained Women. |
| | | Human | participants | 1.5 g CrN (CrN-Low), 3 g CrN (CrN-High), 5 g CrM (Study 1), 3 g CrM (Study 2) | Acute and chronic safety and efficacy of dose dependent creatine nitrate supplementation and exercise performance. |
| | | Human | male military personnel | 6.4 g/day of β-alanine for 28 days, with creatine added at 0.3 g/kg/day for the final 7 days in the experimental group. | Effects of Four Weeks of Beta-Alanine Supplementation Combined with One Week of Creatine Loading on Physical and Cognitive Performance in Military Personnel. |
| | | Human | male military personnel | 6.4 g/day of β-alanine for 28 days, with creatine added at 0.3 g/kg/day for the final 7 days in the experimental group. | Effects of Four Weeks of Beta-Alanine Supplementation Combined with One Week of Creatine Loading on Physical and Cognitive Performance in Military Personnel. |
| | | Human | — | — | International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: sodium bicarbonate and exercise performance. |
| | | Human | active individuals and athletes | Not specified | Role of Creatine Supplementation in Conditions Involving Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Narrative Review. |
| | | Human | resistance training practitioners | 0.3 g/kg per day creatine monohydrate. | Creatine supplementation improves performance, but is it safe? Double-blind placebo-controlled study. |
| | | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | A randomized open-labeled study to examine the effects of creatine monohydrate and combined training on jump and scoring performance in young basketball players. |
